This video explores the specialized biochemical pathway that allows certain plants to efficiently fix carbon in hot and arid environments. Unlike the more common C3 pathway, which is hindered by photorespiration due to RuBisCO’s affinity for oxygen, C4 photosynthesis spatially separates carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle across two distinct cell types—mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. This adaptation relies on PEP carboxylase, an enzyme with a higher specificity for carbon dioxide, to initially fix CO₂ into a four-carbon compound. This compound is later decarboxylated in the bundle sheath cells, creating a CO₂-rich environment that allows RuBisCO to operate more efficiently, thereby reducing energy loss through photorespiration. The result is a highly effective system of carbon fixation particularly advantageous in conditions of high light intensity and limited water availability.The video was developed using Fliki, an AI-based text-to-video platform, and BioRender, a scientific illustration tool designed for creating accurate and engaging biological diagrams. Fliki was used to convert our script into a narrated video with synchronized visuals, while BioRender provided the high-quality cell and molecular illustrations that guided viewers through each stage of the C4 pathway. By combining these tools, I were able to produce an accessible yet academically grounded educational resource that visually demonstrates the spatial compartmentalization and enzymatic processes that define C4 photosynthesis. This project aims to enhance conceptual understanding for students and educators by bridging scientific accuracy with clear visual storytelling.
- “C4 Photosynthesis: How Plants Avoid Photorespiration.” Fliki, uploaded by David Leavitt, 4/14/25, https://stmuscholars.org/c4-photosynthesi…photorespiration/
- Created in BioRender. Leavitt, D. (2025) https://BioRender.com/n2t90j6