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December 2, 2018

The Reality of the Freshman 15

The dreaded Freshman 15. It’s the one thing we want to avoid at all costs when we go to college. As students, we ask ourselves what do we need to do to improve our health, and how do we avoid the Freshman 15? But many of us don’t even know what the Freshman 15 is, or the lifestyle choices that lead up to it. Many of you reading this can testify that it is very easy to gain weight in college, especially if you’re not careful. One study done by WebMD showed that one in four students gain over five percent of their body weight within their first year of college.1

School’s offer gyms that offer many different types of equipment where you can perform aerobic and anaerobic exercises | Courtesy of AF.mil

It may not sound as bad as the Freshman 15, and it might not be quite that bad for everyone, but the fact is that weight gain is a real thing, and we need to deal with that. However, what do the statistics say about the other side of the question? Does this same weight gaining phenomenon occur among all people of college age, even among those who don’t go to college right out of high school? Not everyone goes to college, and it’s easy to forget about them in these studies, but does not going to college affect them in the same way as college students? I believe both college students and their non-college peers are both affected by weight gain, but for a few different reasons. The differences are that most college students living on campus have access to unlimited food, combined with high stress, and a lack of physical exercise. Non-college students living at home have less education than college students and lack excercise more than their college counterparts.2 These different factors are why I believe that college students and non-college young adults are both affected by weight gain.

In order to see how these two different groups are affected by weight gain, we first need to see what causes weight gain. According to WebMD, the leading causes of weight gain are predisposed genetics, availability of food, lack of exercise, and the quality of the food. Predisposed genetics for weight gain is a non-contributory cause.3 This means that people with parents that are overweight are more likely to become overweight themselves, more than those that have lean parents. We don’t have a choice on this one, unfortunately. However, even though it may take more effort for someone with predisposed genes for weight gain to maintain a healthy weight, it is still very possible.4 Furthermore, there are two contributors to weight gain that are related. These are the availability of food and the nutritional value of it. The higher the food’s nutritional value while you are consuming it in moderate quantities, the healthier you are eating. The nutritional values of food are actually measured, and manufacturers of foods are required to put those values on the labels of every type of food or beverage in the United States. These include the amounts of proteins, fats, sugars, and carbohydrates that each food contains per serving. Foods that are higher in both sugars and trans-fats are generally considered unhealthy because they lead to cardiovascular issues. They are also more difficult for our bodies to break down because our bodies don’t absorb nutrients from them well, so they generally turn into fat that is hard for our bodies to break down. Respectable quantities of food are determined by every person’s caloric needs based on their activity level as well as their height and weight. The average caloric needs for adults are 2000 calories per day, but that number can change based on height and weight. The truth is that higher nutritional foods are more expensive and usually aren’t as tasty as less nutritional, cheaper foods. Higher nutritional foods can be described as fruits and vegetables, meat, whole grains, and dairy products. Less nutritional foods can be described as fast foods, pizza, soda pop, chips, cookies, candy, fatty foods, and foods that are high in sugar and high-fructose corn syrup.5 We crave less nutritional foods for a few reasons. One, they’re a lot cheaper than healthy foods and usually easier to prepare. They also usually have high amounts of sugar and high fructose corn syrup in them, which causes our brains to produce dopamine, which is the pleasure chemical that makes us feel good.6 Therefore we can infer that the lower the nutritional value or quality of the food, the more likely we are to eat more of it and ultimately lead to greater weight gain. When we have access to a lot of non-nutritional and unhealthy foods it is very easy to overeat, thus causing a surplus in our daily caloric needs, which turns into weight gain.

Lastly, the lack of exercise is something that can lead to weight gain. Our bodies burn calories everyday from doing different regular activities.7 Here is one example. While we sleep, we lose an average of .42 calories per pound per hour. This means that someone weighing 150 pounds that slept for eight hours would burn about 500 calories!8 Our body needs to burn calories to stay alive. So essentially as long as our food intake equals our calories burned, we would break even every day and wouldn’t need to work out. But this is not the case, since the average American adult eats 3,600 calories a day! The average recommended limit is 2000 calories per day. 3,600 calories is more than the suggested amount for adult male athletes, and if you look around, not everyone is an adult male athlete. This is why lack of exercise can lead to weight gain. If calories consumed is greater than calories burned in a day, then that is weight gain. Now we know some major causes of weight gain, but how do all of these contributors to weight gain apply to college students and their non-college attending peers? The truth is a lot.

A typical college cafeteria provides a buffet style, all you can eat option all day long. Unlimited food plus stress equals a bad combo | Courtesy of Cafeterias Dallas

College students face a lot when they are exposed to this new environment. They deal with large amounts of stress, as well as how to become adults that can make smart decisions themselves. If every one in four students gains five percent of their body weight after their first year, what is going on to cause this? College students living on campus usually have access to unlimited quantities of food. Many students living on campus at a university have meal plans, many of which include unlimited food five to seven days a week. While this may not be the exact case at every college, almost every college has some form of an  unlimited food option in a cafeteria, usually for at least five of the seven days of the week. The quality of food also ranges from unhealthy to healthy. We’ve already concluded that we enjoy eating unhealthy foods more than healthy, so if you add unlimited unhealthy food to the equation, and add in student stress, it becomes a big problem. The easiest way to deal with stress is to do something that can release dopamine in our brain. As previously stated, eating fatty and sugary foods causes dopamine to be released. This is why it can become a problem.9

Another factor of weight gain is exercise. Most colleges have gyms that students can use, but the fact is not very many students use them consistently. According to The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association, which sets the standards for amount of exercise that every adult should get, every adult should be doing moderate intensity cardio for thirty minutes at least five days a week. The American College Health Association said in a study from 2009 that only 43 percent of students met the minimum standards.10 Not working out, eating a lot of junk food added with the stress of college is a reality. It is easy for students to fall into bad patterns unless they have a plan, which would include healthy eating every day, working out at least six days a week, and establishing effective ways to cope with stress. While these things are difficult to maintain, most students can manage them most of the time. A lot of students start by living healthy, but then they cheat one day and then the next and it all spirals downward from there. Consistency is key even though we have our cheat days. We need to be self aware and notice when things are going bad and when things are going good. Then we can do what we need to do to fix it. College students are exposed to three major contributors to weight gain that we listed above. Unlimited unhealthy food, stress and lack of exercise are the three biggest reasons as to why college students gain weight and for some unfortunate ones, maybe even the Freshman 15.11

With a diploma, research says you are much more likely to live a healthier life than if you drop out of school | Courtesy of: PXhere

There is still the argument that young adults not attending college are affected just as much with weight gain as college-attending young adults, but for different reasons. In order to establish credibility for this claim, we need to narrow down the argument to a certain group to get specific data. So instead of looking at all young adults not attending college, we’ll look at the young adults not attending college but who also live at home with their parents, just as we only looked at college students living on campus for that argument. When we look at this group of individuals, we see that there is also an argument to be made. College-aged young adults not going to college have less education than their college counterparts and they exercise less than them as well.12 Education is a strange culprit because nobody would think it would be important in determining which groups are affected by weight gain; but it turns out that it has a huge impact. In one study made by the National Center for Health and Statistics conducted on 18 to 24 year old men and women, the amount of students who gained over five percent of their body mass were twenty percent and for those who weren’t in college, they had a thirty-five percent change of gaining over five percent of their body mass within that age range. This means that fifteen percent more non-student within that age period gained over five percent of their body weight. This study concluded that non-students within that same age range as college students were affected more by weight gain than those that were students.13 Another study organized by the Center of Disease Control of non-students aged 18-24 was conducted to determine how many of these adults put in the minimum amount of exercise per week. Only 31 percent of these adults received the adequate amount of exercise each week. This means that the other 69 percent of these adults were exposing themselves to a higher risk of gaining weight since the lack of exercise is one of the major causes of weight gain. From previous data collected, we saw that in a study done by the American College Health Association that 43 percent of college students got the minimum amount of recommended exercise per week.14 With this data we can see that education and the lack of exercise are bigger factors of weight gain in non-college students when compared to college students.

Stress can be common in the workplace as well as in school like this student who is expressing it | Courtesy of Iran Daily

As we take a look back on the thesis we can see that different studies have backed up all of these major points. These young adults not attending college are affected with weight gain in different ways than college students with the primary reason being less education and following closely behind, the lack of exercise. I believe it’s important to remember both sides of the spectrum and see how they are both affected in a similar way so that attention can be drawn to help end these patterns of weight gain in these two different groups. This is important to help prevent obesity in the future. The future starts by making a difference right now and acting on it.

  1. Jennifer Warner, “Freshman 15: College Weight Gain Is Real,” WebMD, July 28, 2009. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20090728/freshman-15-college-weight-gain-is-real.
  2. Kristen Mckenzie, “Freshman 15…Real or Myth,” SiOWfa15: Science in Our World: Certainty and Controversy, December 4, 2015. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa15/2015/12/04/freshman-15-real-or-myth/.
  3. Jennifer Warner, “Freshman 15: College Weight Gain Is Real,” WebMD, July 28, 2009. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20090728/freshman-15-college-weight-gain-is-real.
  4. Amy Diluna, “College Students: That Dreaded Freshman 15 Is Avoidable,” NBC NEWS, September 8, 2015. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/freshman-year/college-students-dreaded-freshman-15-avoidable-n422366.
  5. Barbara Adams, “Educational attainment and obesity: A systematic review,” NBCI, December 1, 2014. Accesses October 30, 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3902051/
  6. Katherine Tallmadge,“Avoiding the Freshman 15,” U.S.NEWS, September 4, 2012. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/2012/09/04/avoiding-the-freshman-15.
  7. Amy Diluna, “College Students: That Dreaded Freshman 15 Is Avoidable,” NBC NEWS, September 8, 2015. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/freshman-year/college-students-dreaded-freshman-15-avoidable-n422366.
  8. Katherine Tallmadge, “Avoiding the Freshman 15,” U.S.NEWS, September 4, 2012. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/2012/09/04/avoiding-the-freshman-15.
  9. Bryan Miller, “How to avoid gaining the Freshman 15,” CNN, August 26, 2009. Accessed October 21, 2018. http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/08/26/freshman.15.weight/.
  10. Bryan Miller, “How to avoid gaining the Freshman 15,” CNN, August 26, 2009. Accessed October 21, 2018. http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/08/26/freshman.15.weight/.
  11. Katherine Tallmadge, “Avoiding the Freshman 15,” U.S.NEWS, September 4, 2012. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/2012/09/04/avoiding-the-freshman-15.
  12. Tatiana Morales, “Avoiding The ‘Freshman 15’,” CBSNEWS, September 9, 2004. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/avoiding-the-freshman-15/.
  13. Barbara Adams, “Educational attainment and obesity: A systematic review,” NBCI, December 1, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3902051/
  14. Jennifer Warner, “Freshman 15: College Weight Gain Is Real,” WebMD, July 28, 2009. Accessed October 21, 2018. https://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20090728/freshman-15-college-weight-gain-is-real.

William Rittenhouse

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75 comments

  • Diamond Estrada

    I don’t find it surprising that those who don’t attend college experience more weight gain. Keeping up with workouts is hard and it takes real discipline to maintain a healthy body. Something that helps me keep up with my workouts is that I work at the school gym- which in a way makes me feel obligated to go. I think something that also is a part of the issue in keeping up with the gym is trying to find the time and energy in between classes, and homework, and jobs, a lot of times it can seem like there’s not enough time in the world.

  • Luis Arroyos

    I honestly did not hear about the freshman 15 until my junior year, which was only like a couple semester ago. I definitely believe it though, especially that fact that we are so naive our freshman year. We feel indestructible and eat whatever we want. I have always been very athletic, so I grew up with a very active lifestyle since I was six years old. I noticed my freshman year that a lot of my priorities changed. Being a fulltime student and worker, it was difficult to find time for a proper diet and exercise. It was always pushed aside because other things were more important like homework, work, and rest.

  • Juan Arceo

    The topic of the Freshmen 15 is something that we are constantly reminded of/have been told about one way or another. It is a part of our way of life now as full-time college students and I can honestly say that it is real. Now, personally, I have been drinking more water, eat better than what I am accustomed to, and exercise here and there, so I am taking baby steps in losing weight. I have friends however that are losing weight as well but in not the healthiest of ways. Due to the amount of work/responsibilities that they have carried by going to an out-of-town campus, they aren’t eating as much, stay up late and well are now experiencing the effects of the Freshmen 15.

  • Celeste Flores

    We all heard about freshman 15 before coming to college, some were scared and some of us we just did not pay attention to myths. However, I ended up learning that it was not just a myth, it was a reality. During freshman year we experience many changes and we have to adjust our diets, bodies, minds, and lives to those changes. The least of my concerns during freshman year was exercising and healthy eating, I ended up gaining and losing weight at alarming rates. My ‘diet’ was all over the place, some days I would eat 4 times a day and other days I would just forget to eat at all! As students, we must balance the different important aspects of our lives: social, health, school and family. Even if it sounds difficult, it is not impossible and in the long run, it’s the healthiest option.

  • Kaleb Werku

    I might have an unpopular stance but I was hoping that the freshman 15 was real since I wanted to gain weight more specifically muscle mass. At home, I never really had an abundance of food so when I worked out I didn’t see much results but since I am in college and I have been working out 5 days a week I have been seeing major results. proud to say I gained around 12 pounds in a month but most of it is muscle. I believe the solution is simply to exercise.

  • Ivonne Orozco

    During the summer before my first year of college, my friends would tell me about the Freshman 15.I personally feel like I have gained weight since I graduated high school. I truly do try to limit what I eat , but my eating schedule is so disorganized because I work full time and well I’m a student in college. Sometimes I work all day and I sometimes pick up fast food before I get home. I’ve always felt that eating late does contribute to weight gain so I try to not do it all. It is now my second year of college and I am more aware of what I eat since I don’t have a set eating schedule. This article was very interesting to read because it is something that does happen to many students entering college. It is just important to try your best to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

  • Ashley Martinez

    The Freshman 15 is a phrase that all freshmen are warned with before they step onto a college campus. The Freshman 15 totally does catch up to some students while being a resident on campus but can totally be prevented. We are fortunate as college students that we have access to hot meals typically 5-7 days a week, usually multiple times daily exceeding our typically necessary 3 meals a day. Most college cafeterias have several options, some being healthy and those others being very unhealthy. It is up to the student to decide what type of food they should be consuming. The healthier you eat, the more energy you are going to have to help you power through during the learning process. Another factor that contributes to weight gain would be stress, no exercise, and eating processed foods because they are fast and convenient for your schedule. Your freshman year is all about finding a healthy balance that will suit your studies but also allow you to live a healthy lifestyle.

  • Mauro Bustamante

    Its all a part of growing up and becoming a responsible adult. Freshman 15 is something that all college students need to be aware of because this can impact each individual’s health.Having to figure out how to ignore the unlimited unhealthy options in the cafeteria, how to manage stress in a healthy way, how to make time for exercise, and how to figure out many other adulthood things is just a part of this phase of life, if one could control at least their food habits, they can avoid weight gain up to a certain limit. Also the dopamine release is a main thing that pulls us into the unhealthy diet. it very hard for a college student to find time for it when juggling homework, studying, extracurricular activities, etc.

  • Sofia Martinez

    I believe that “Freshmen 15” does happen to a high percentage of first year college students; due to the high stress, and responsibilities that might distract them from their physical and mental health. With negatives changes that could happen, it can lower the person’s confidence and/or self-esteem that could lead them with without desire towards continuing their studies and their personal health.

  • Rinnu Joy

    The Freshman 15 is a crucial thing that disturbs the college students. But it is something that can be avoided by the students by themselves. As you have said unhealthy food habits, stress and lack of exercise are the main reasons for the Freshman 15. I am working as a register, so I am seeing the food items that most of the students prefer. It is always some kind of fast food, chips, soda and so on. If one could control at least their food habits, they can avoid weight gain up to a certain limit. Also the dopamine release is a main thing that pulls us into the unhealthy diet.
    This article is very informative, especially to college students. You did a great work. Congratulations.

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